1949 – George Orwell's dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four is published in the United States.
Nineteen Eighty-Four (also published as
1984) is a dystopian speculative fiction novel by the English writer George Orwell. It was published on 8 June 1949 by Secker & Warburg as Orwell's ninth and final completed book. Thematically, it centers on totalitarianism, mass surveillance and repressive regimentation of people and behaviors. It popularised "Orwellian" as an adjective, and many terms used in it have entered common usage, including "Big Brother," "doublethink," "Thought Police," "thoughtcrime," and "Newspeak."
Nineteen Eighty-Four has been often regarded as a classic and has been acknowledged for its impact on twentieth-century literature. The story takes place in a fictional future. The year is believed to be 1984, but this is uncertain. Much of the world is in perpetual war. Great Britain, now known as Airstrip One, has become a province of the totalitarian superstate Oceania, which is led by Big Brother, a dictatorial leader supported by an intense cult of personality manufactured by the Party's Thought Police. The Party engages in omnipresent government surveillance and, through the Ministry of Truth, historical negationism and constant propaganda to persecute individuality and independent thinking. The novel examines the role of truth and facts within societies and the ways in which they can be manipulated.