1899 – American Temperance crusader Carrie Nation begins her campaign of vandalizing alcohol-serving establishments by destroying the inventory in a saloon in Kiowa, Kansas. Caroline Amelia Nation (November 25, 1846 – June 9, 1911), often referred to as Carrie, Carry Nation, Carrie A. Nation, or Hatchet Granny, was a radical of the American temperance movement, which opposed alcohol consumption before the advent of Prohibition. Nation is noted for attacking alcohol-serving establishments (most often taverns) with rocks and later a hatchet. In addition to their financial difficulties, many of her family members had mental illnesses; her mother, at times, had delusions. In 1865, Carrie met Charles Gloyd, a young physician who had fought for the Union and was a severe alcoholic. They were married on November 21, 1867, and separated shortly before the birth of their daughter, Charlien, on September 27, 1868. Gloyd died in 1869 of alcoholism. Influenced by the death of her husband, Carrie Gloyd developed a passionate activism against alcohol. She described herself as "a bulldog running along at the feet of Jesus, barking at what He doesn't like," and claimed a divine ordination to promote temperance by destroying bars. In 1874, Carrie Gloyd married David A. Nation, an attorney, minister, newspaper journalist, and father who was 19 years her senior. Carrie Nation continued her saloon destruction using rocks, her fame spreading through her growing arrest record. After she led a raid in Wichita, Kansas, Nation's husband joked that she should use a hatchet next time for maximum damage. Nation replied, "That is the most sensible thing you have said since I married you." The couple divorced in 1901. She was known as "Mother Nation" for her charity and religious work, which she thought of as an extension of her fight against drunkenness. She attempted to help people in prison. In 1890, Nation founded a sewing circle in Medicine Lodge, Kansas to make clothing for the poor as well as prepare meals for them on holidays like Thanksgiving and Christmas. In 1901, Nation established a shelter for wives and children of alcoholics in Kansas City, Missouri. This shelter would later be described as an "early model for today's battered women's shelter." Nation visited Bonham, Texas in 1905 and, after a rousing speech in the Steger Opera House, she retired to the Alexander Hotel.